Ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter technical pitfalls and imaging artifacts

Mohammad I. Hirzallah (1,2); Aarti Sarwal (3); Aaron M. Dentinger (4); Chiara Robba (5); Jurgita Valaikienė (6,7); Piergiorgio Lochner (7); Felix Schlachetzki (8); David M. Mills (4); Michael Ertl (9); Ryan Hakimi (10,11); Shreya Bhise (12); Jakob Pansell (13,14) | 1 – Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; 2 – Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; 3 – Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; 4 – GE HealthCare, Technology & Innovation Center, Niskayuna, New York, USA; 5 – IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; 6 – Clinic of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; 7 – Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany; 8 – Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Center for Vascular Neurology and Intensive Care, Regensburg, Germany; 9 – Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; 10 – Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, USA; 11 – President-Elect, American Society of Neuroimaging, Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA; 12 – GE HealthCare Point of Care & Handheld, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; 13 – Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; 14 – Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.